Accessing Objective-C properties internally

Inside an objective class, there are 2 ways to access any declared property

self.propertyName
_propertyName Although both the uses hypothetically have the similar effect, there are 3 distinct differences

self.propertyName trigggers the setter, which is important if you are performing any additional operations or validations. This does not happen when accessing the ivar directly
self.propertyName also triggers KVO Notifications which _propertyName conveniently ignores.
Accesing property also gives access to various memory management features for free. Eg: a property with copy attribute will enforce it by creating a copy of the instance being assigned rather than just assigning the pointer, which is particularly useful when assinging mutable data to immutable property type.

Example:

@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *theName;
@end

- (void)viewDidLoad 
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
	    
    [self addObserver:self
           forKeyPath:@"theName"
              options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
              context:nil];

    self.theName = @"Hello world";	// Triggers KVO
    _theName = @"Fancy world";		// No KVO

}

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context
{
    NSLog(@"Key path changed - %@", change);
}

output

Notice only one of the 2 assignments triggers KVO notification

2014-06-13 06:03:56.163 NotifTest[24710:1356234] Key path changed - {
    kind = 1;
    new = "Hello world";
}

Example:

output